Solar PV systems work in FIVE general steps:
- Sunlight hits solar panels and is absorbed by solar panels (also known as modules) and excites electrons. Loose electrons flow, creating DC (Direct Current) electrical current.
- Electricity passes through an Inverter which converts the electricity from DC to AC (Alternating Current). AC is what most building devices utilize.
- The AC electricity is transferred to an AC combiner, which aggregates the inverter outputs.
- The Combiner feeds the Disconnect Switch so the solar can be safely turned off for analysis and maintenance.
- AC wires connect into the building so the power can be used on-site.
- Excess power is sent back to the grid (if no battery is installed) any power generated that exceeds the demand of the building is returned to the utility grid – spinning the electric meter backwards. (see Net Metering).
Interested in the specific components mentioned, like panels and inverters? Dive deeper into What Equipment Is Used in a Solar PV System, and What Mounting Options Exist? for equipment details.Want to understand how excess power sent to the grid gets credited? Learn about What is Net Metering?